Table 1 key advances in hepatocellular carcinomaÂ
From: Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies
Domain | Major Advances Covered |
|---|---|
Early Detection and Diagnosis | • Novel imaging modalities: Multiparametric MRI and contrast-enhanced ultrasound showing high sensitivity; Radiomic analysis aids diagnosis • Liquid biopsy emerging: Circulating biomarkers like ctDNA demonstrate high specificity • AI and machine learning: Algorithm accuracy for HCC diagnosis as high as 95% |
Surgical and Ablative Therapies | • Resection/transplantation remain gold standard for early stage HCC • Thermal ablation techniques evolving: Microwave, irreversible electroporation, high-intensity focused ultrasound |
Systemic and Locoregional Therapies | • Immunotherapies surpass cytotoxic chemotherapy: Superior overall and progression-free survival • Combination treatment synergistic: Anti-angiogenics plus ICIs showing further benefit • Transarterial radioembolization delivering high disease control rates |
Prevention and Surveillance | • HBV vaccination reduces HCC incidence by ~ 70% in endemic regions • Direct-acting antivirals clear HCV, reducing carcinogenic risk • Statins, metformin, diet modifications may prevent HCC |
Frontiers and Future Outlook | • Nanotechnology shows promise for targeted drug delivery • Biomarkers, genetics guiding personalized care and prognosis • Traditional Chinese medicine warrants study in prospective trials |