Table 4 Summary of methods

Bing F et al. 2019 [52]

Radio-frequency Ablation

In 23 individuals, the location of 23 spinal needles positioned at the edge of hepatic tumors before radio-frequency thermal ablation was done. The tumor’s edge was reached with needle placement using CT-US fusion imaging. To compare the true (x, y, z) and virtual (x’, y’, z’) coordinates of the needle tip (D for distal) and a point on the needle placed 3 cm proximally to the tip (P for proximal), a control CT scan was performed

The mean Euclidian distances were 8.5 ± 4.7 mm and 10.5 ± 5.3 mm for D and P, respectively. The absolute value of mean differences of the 3 coordinates were 4.06 ± 0.9, 4.21 ± 0.84, and 4.89 ± 0.89 mm for D and 3.96 ± 0.60, 4.41 ± 0.86, and 7.66 ± 1.27 mm for P.