Table 2 Summary of methods
From: Complexities in liver biopsy: the role of navigation and fusion imaging
Authors | Procedure | Method | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
Giesel FL et al. 2009 [45] | Radio-frequency ablation | Various imaging modalities were registered and merged + MIPAV software, different algorithms, and visualization tools were used for intra-modality and inter-modality picture registration | Spatial link of lesion anatomy and functional relevance was produced. Fusion axial images and segmentation 3D surface models were employed for treatment, planning, and post-RFA evaluation, optimizing needle placement |
Zhao et al. 2020 [50] | Virtual navigation-guided radio- frequency ablation | Prospective study. Key factors were predicted using a multivariate Cox regression analysis, and the overall survival was then predicted using a nomogram with independent predictive factors | Technical feasibility: 86.4% success: 94.7% OS rate at 1-, 2-, and 3-year: 5.5%, 8.7%, and 14.0%, C-index of the OS nomogram: 0.737 no intervention-related deaths |
Aoki et al. 2020 [18] | Virtual real-time CT-guided (VRCT) volume navigation during laparoscopic hepatectomies | 27 hepatic neoplasms were removed laparoscopically while being monitored by VRCT. To accurately navigate, electromagnetic tracking of the surgical instrument was used | 26 lesions (96.3%) with a mean diameter of 11 mm were successfully treated. Using VRCT, the surgeon navigates a liver transection with respectable accuracy |
Yasuda et al. 2019 [44] | Laparoscopic surgery using image-guided navigation system | After registration, the 3D models were superimposed on the surgical field | Average registration error: 8.8 mm. The positioning of the tumor and the establishment of the resection line were made simple |
Ahn et al. 2016 [51] | Radio-frequency ablation | Technical viability and visibility were evaluated by US imaging. With the use of a separable cluster electrode and a switching monopolar system, RFA was carried out with the aid of fusion imaging | RFA’s technique efficiency for invisible tumors on B-mode US under fusion imaging guidance was comparable to that for visible tumors (96.1% vs. 97.6%, p = 0.295) |
Minami et al. 2008 [49] | Radio-frequency ablation | Prospective virtual CT sonography was used to guide radiofrequency ablation on 51 patients with 65 hepatocellular carcinomas. 50 patients with 63 hepatocellular carcinomas treated under B-mode sonographic guidance served as a historical control group | CT sonographic group ablation was achieved in 92% and 8% of patients in one and two sessions respectively. B mode sonography group. Technical success was achieved in 72%, 24%, and 4% of patients in one, two, and three sessions respectively. Technical success rate after a single treatment session was significantly (p = 0.017) higher for the virtual CT sonography group |