Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects

Gender n (%)

 Male

110 (61.4)

90 (50.2)

0.0333*

 Female

69 (38.5)

89 (49.7)

Education n (%)

 Literacy

5 (2.8)

2 (1.11)

0.0214*

 Middle

82 (45.8)

60 (33.5)

 College

92 (51.4)

117 (65.4)

Income n (%)

 Low-income

94 (52.5)

98 (54.7)

0.908

 Middle income

75 (41.8)

71 (39.6)

 High income

10 (5.5)

10 (5.5)

Diabetic diet n (%)

 Yes

72 (40.22)

127 (69.83)

 < 0.0001***

 No

107 (59.77)

54 (30.16)

Age (years)

48.94 ± 7.9

49.28 ± 11.15

0.866

BMI (kg/m²)

23.23 ± 3.47

23.55 ± 3.7

0.92 ns

WC (cm)

88.96 ± 5.71

91.31 ± 3.5

 < 0.0001***

FBS (mg/dl)

116.5 ± 35.76

123 ± 17.73

 < 0.0001***

Diabetic duration (years)

4.46 ± 2.14

5.01 ± 2.36

0.0327*

HbA1c

7.62 ± 2.07

7.15 ± 1.83

0.023*

SGOT (U/L)

34.71 ± 15.38

24.84 ± 6.12

 < 0.0001***

SGPT (U/L)

45.86 ± 13.70

31.32 ± 10.27

 < 0.0001***

SUA (mg/dl)

7.398 ± 1.33

6.22 ± 1.65

 < 0.0001***

Blood urea (mg/dl)

23.35 ± 6.05

21.15 ± 3.63

 < 0.0001***

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

204.9 ± 39.74

178.7 ± 31.21

 < 0.0001***

LDL (mg/dl)

143 ± 30.83

120.8 ± 31.93

 < 0.0001***

HDL (mg/dl)

47.44 ± 23.84

46.12 ± 18.17

0.812

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

176.2 ± 27.11

124.4 ± 37.12

 < 0.0001***