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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Serum Midkine for AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Country

Sample type

Sample size

Control subjects

AFP

Method of detection

Cut off value

TP

FP

FN

TN

Mashaly et al., 2018 [16]

Egypt

Serum

22

HC (n = 30)

Negative

ELISA

1.683 ng/ml

17

5

4

26

Shaheen et al., 2015 [19]

Egypt

Serum

15

HC (n = 26)

Negative

ELISA

0.387 ng/ml

14

5

1

25

Zhu et al., 2013 [14]

China

Serum

181

HC (n = 395)

Negative

ELISA

0.654 ng/ml

108

73

13

382

Vongsuvanh et al., 2016 [18]

Australia

Serum

49

HC (n = 86)

Negative

ELISA

0.44 ng/ml

29

20

33

53

El-Shayeb et al., 2021 [22]

Egypt

Serum

19

LC (n = 89)

Negative

ELISA

5.1 ng/ml

19

0

9

80

  1. LC liver cirrhosis, HC healthy control, CHB chronic hepatitis B, TP true positive, FP false positive, FN false negative, TN true negative