Table 2 Changes in the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the different studied groups

Sham-operated control

25.94 ± 3.237

80.48 ± 5.427

56.43 ± 3.662

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion

110.6 ± 5.978 ^a

28.38 ± 2.584 ^a

145.2 ± 4.727 ^a

l-arginine-treated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion

67.70 ± 5.666 ^{a, b}

66.54 ± 3.784 ^{a, b}

96.24 ± 2.282 ^{a, b}

Exercise-trained hepatic ischemia reperfusion

56.08 ± 4.002 ^{a, b}

70.16 ± 3.938 ^b

85.52 ± 3.995 ^{a, b, c}

Oxytocin-treated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion

63.00 ± 4.567 ^{a, b}

65.30 ± 3.711 ^{a, b}

77.51 ± 2.721 ^{a, b, c}

Exercise-trained and oxytocin-treated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion

40.96 ± 4.334 ^{a, b, c, d}

76.77 ± 3.853 ^b

73.68 ± 3.612 ^{a, b, c, d}