From: Serum cystatin C is an early renal dysfunction biomarker in patients with hepatitis C virus
 | Control (group I) n = 30 | HCV-positive antibodies (group II) | Test P value | P1 P2 P3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group IIa (negative PCR) n = 30 | Group IIb (positive PCR) n= 30 | ||||
Liver and renal function test | |||||
 Serum total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.79 ± 0.12 | 1.10 ± 0.22 | ANOVA=21.3 0.0001* | 0.001* 0.002* 0.005* |
 Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) (U/L) | 24.67 ± 6.55 | 40.17 ± 9.62 | 50.77 ± 9.74 | ANOVA=28.62 0.001* | 0.0025* 0.0014* 0.004* |
 Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) (U/L) | 25.13 ± 4.50 | 33.93 ± 6.65 | 46.13 ± 9.37 | ANOVA=17.85 0.001* | 0.015* 0.0025* 0.0036* |
 Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.74 ± 0.41 | 3.73 ± 0.32 | 3.36 ± 0.52 | ANOVA=25.6 0.0001* | 0.0016* 0.008* 0.001* |
 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL) | 10.53 ± 1.96 | 10.53 ± 1.41 | 11.93 ± 2.03 | ANOVA=19.85 0.001* | 0.500 N.S. 0.004* 0.0014* |
 Serum creatinine (mg/dL or μMol/L) | 0.76 ± 0.10 67.18 ± 8.51 | 0.86 ± 0.13 76.15 ± 11.32 | 0.98 ± 0.22 86.41 ± 19.59 | ANOVA=24.2 0.0002* | 0.0049* 0.006* 0.0179* |
 Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 116.67 ± 12.72 | 103.33 ± 16.83 | 89.20 ± 12.90 | ANOVA=14.52 0.006* | 0.085 N.S. 0.037* 0.00028* |
 Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 19.30 ± 3.04 | 27.04 ± 4.71 | 30.40 ± 6.17 | ANOVA=36.52 0.0001* | 0.0011* 0.0031* 0.0104* |
Extrahepatic renal affection parameters | |||||
 Serum cryoglobulins (ng/mL) | N.D. | 125.07 ± 25.7 | 240.63 ± 11.27 | T = 6.81 0.0001* |  |
 Serum complement C3 (mg/dL) | 133.43 ± 24.42 | 89.57 ± 9.88 | 68.37 ± 7.77 | ANOVA=33.6 0.0001* | 0.001* 0.001* 0.011* |
 Serum rheumatoid factor (IU/mL) | 7.75 ± 2.02 | 31.28 ± 19.01 | 94.92 ± 31.22 | ANOVA=42.1 0.0001* | 0.0001* 0.0001* 0.004* |
 Serum cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.66 ± 0.22 | 1.19 ± 0.22 | 1.57 ± 0.31 | ANOVA=19.25 0.001* | 0.002* 0.001* 0.006* |
 Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (μMol/mg) | 99.60 ± 31.03 | 70.98 ± 16.67 | 55.07 ± 17.25 | ANOVA=27.9 <0.001* | <0.001* <0.001* 0.03* |