Table 2 In vivo studies on medicinal plants with hepato protection against acute tetrachloride toxicity
s.no. | Botanical name | Animal model. | Maximum extract dose/route of administration | CCL4 dose/route of administration | Standard drug administered/route of administration | Result. | Active components. | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Abelmoselius manihot (L) medic | Ku-Ming mice. | 500mg/kg/b.w. (oral). | 0.1 ml/kg/bw(0.12% v/v olive oil), i.p. | Biphenyl dicarboxylate (BDP) 150 mg/kg/b.w., oral. | ALT, AST, ALP, ɤ-GT, TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, MDA↓, GSH, SOD, GPx, CAT, GST↑. | Flavonoids, quercetin, hyperin, isoquercetin, quercetin-3′-0-glucoside, hibifolin, myricetin | [32] |
2 | Acacia mellifera | Wistar rats | 500mg/kg/ b.w. | 1.25 ml/kg/ b.w. (1:1 liquid paraffin) i.p | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/bw | ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, T.B↓,T.P↑,MDA, NP-SH, T-chol, TG↓, NP-SH↑. (Nonprotein sulfhydryl) | Flavonoids, saponin, tannins, triterpenoids | [33] |
3 | Aegle marmelos correa ex Roxb | Albino Wistar rats | - (oral) | 0.2 ml/100g/b.w. (olive oil), i.p. | – | AST, ALT, ALP, T.B↓ | Flavonoids | [34] |
4 | Aegle marmelos correa ex Roxb | Wistar albino rats | 50mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 3ml/kg/b.w., i.p. | Silymarin 200 mg/kg/b.w., (oral) | ALP, ALT, AST, T.B, LDH, MDA↓, SOD, CAT, GR, GSH, GST, GPx, G6PD, T.P↑, IL-10, TNF-α↓. | Rutin, piperine | [35] |
5 | Alangium salviifolium | Swiss albino mice | 50mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 in olive oil). | – | AST, ALT, ALP, MDA, LDH, CYT-P450 reductase, cyt b5 reductase↓, SOD, CAT, DT-diaphorase, glutathione-s-transferase↑ | Piperine, ɤ-sistosterol | [36] |
6 | Alhagi maurorum (camel thorn) | Wistar rats | 660 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (maize oil) oral. | – | ALT, AST↓ | Flavonoids, phenols | [37] |
7 | Alhagi maurorum Medikus | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. | 0.125 ml/kg (liquid paraffin, 1:1), i.p | Silymarin, 10 mg/kg (oral) | SGOT, SGPT, ALP, T.B. | Flavonoids, tannins. | [38] |
8 | Allium sativum (Single clove garlic) | Male rabbits | 0.8 g (oral) | 3 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1, olive oil) | – | ALT, AST, ALP, T.B↓, T.P↑, MDA↓, CAT, GST, SOD↑ | – | [39] |
9 | Amaranthus spinosus | Sprague-Dawley rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml /kg/ b.w. (v/v olive oil) i.p. | – | AST, ALT, ALP, T.B, MDA↓, GSH, SOD, CAT↑ | Flavonoids, phenols, betalains. | [40] |
10 | Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb) | Wistar albino rats and mice | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w., oral. | Silymarin, 50 mg / kg/b.w., (oral) | MDA, Hydroperoxides↓, GSH, SOD, CAT↑ | Flavonoids | [41] |
11 | Argemone Mexicana L | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 0.5 ml/kg/b.w., i.p. | Silymarin, 100mg/kg (oral) | SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total bilirubin↓ | Leutolin, quercetin, quercetrin | [42] |
12 | Artemisia iwayomogi | Sprague-Dawley rats. | 500 mg/ kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (50% oliveoil) i.p. | – | ALT, AST, ALP, MDA↓, TAC, GSH, SOD↑, Hydroxy proline↓ | Scoparone | [43] |
13 | Bauhinia variegate | Sprague-Dawley rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (liquid paraffin, 1:1) subcutaneous. | – | AST, ALT, ALP, GGT↓, T.P↑, Total lipid↓ | – | [44] |
14 | Bougainullra spectabillis | Wistar rats. | 6 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1.5 ml/kg, oral. | – | AST, ALP, ALT↓ | Esculetin | [45] |
15 | Bryonia diocia Jacq | Wistar albino rats | 250 mg/kg/b.w. (gavage) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (corn oil,1:1v/v). | – | AST, AST↓ | Flavonoids, terpenoids | [46] |
16 | Brysocarpus coCClneus. | Albino rats | 1000 mg / kg /b.w. (oral). | 0.7 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 in olive oil) i.p. | livolin®, 200 mg/kg/b.w., (oral) | ALT, AST, ALP, MDA↓, T.P, Albumin, CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH↑ | Alkaloids, flavonoids | [47] |
17 | Cajanus cajan. | Wistar albino rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 liquid paraffin), oral. | Liv 52, 100 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | AST, ALT↓, T.P↑ | Alkaloid, flavonoids | [48] |
18 | Calotropis gigantean R.Br. | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 olive oil), subcutaneous. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/bw., (oral) | AST, ALT, LPO↓, GSH, SOD, GPX, CAT↑ | Calotropin DI and DII, calotropin FI and FII. | [49] |
19 | Camellia ntidissima Chi. | Sprague-Dawley rats | 160 mg/kg/day (i.p) | 2 ml/kg (50% v/v, olive oil), i.p. | Thiopronin 20 mg/kg/day, (i.p) | AST, ALT, MDA↓, GSH, SOD↑, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-kβ signaling↓, NrF2 signaling partway, HO-1, SOD, GSH↑ | Polyphenols, flavonoids | [1] |
20 | Canna indica L. | Sprangue-Dawley rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1.0 ml/kg(liquid paraffin,1:2) i.p. | Silymarin, 25 mg/kg, (i.p) | SGPT, SGOT, ALP, T.B, L.P↓, GSH, CAT, T.P↑ | Lutein | [50] |
21 | Capparis spinosa. | Mice | 400 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 0.2 ml/kg (olive oil 1:1), oral. | – | ALT, AST↓ | Flavonoids, phenols, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempherol, 3-O-rutinoside | [51] |
22 | Capsella busa-pastoris (L.) Medik. | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. | 0.125 ml/kg (liquid paraffin, 1:1), i.p | Silymarin, 10 mg/kg, (oral) | SGOT, SGPT, ALP, T.B | – | [38] |
23 | Carissa opaca | Sprague-Dawley rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (intragastrically) | 0.5 ml/kg/b.w. (20% v/v olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 50 mg/kg/b.w., (intragastrically) | AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, ɤ-GT↓, GSH-Px, GSR, SOD, GST, CAT, Peroxidase, Quinone reductase(QR) ↑, TBARS, GSH, H2O2↓, T.P↑ | Isoquercetin, hyperoside, vitexin, myicetin, kaempherol | [52] |
24 | Carthamus tinctorius L | Sprangue-Dawley rats. | 5 mg/kg/day | 1.0 ml/kg (olive oil). | – | ALT, AST, Hydroxy proline↓ | Hydroxysafflor yellow A, isocarthamidin, carthamin, luteolin | [53] |
25 | Carthamus tinctorius. L | Sprague-Dawley rats | 20 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 50 mg/kg/b.w., (oral). | ALT, AST, ALP, T.P↓, NrF2, GSTα, NQOI expression, GSH↑, TBARS↓, SOD, CAT↑. | Carthamin, carthamidin, polyphenols, carthamus red, flavonoids | [54] |
26 | Carum carvil | NMRI mice | 0.13 g/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (olive oil, 1:2), i.p. | – | AST, ALT, L.P↓, GSH, GSH-Px↑, Px, XOD↓, Protein↑ | Carvon | [55] |
27 | Cassia angustifolia Vahl | Wistar albino rats | 300 mg/kg/bw (oral) | 2.5 ml/kg/b.w. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/bw, (oral) | AST, ALT, ALP, Acid phosphatase(ACP), LDH, T.B↓, T.P↑ | Flavonoid, terpenoids, tannin, steroid | [56] |
28 | Cassia angustofolia vahl | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 4 ml/kg/b.w. (50% olive oil) oral | – | T.B, GOT, GPT↓, T.P, GSH↑, LPO↓ | Flavonoids | [57] |
29 | Cassia fistula Linn | Wistar albino rats | 500 mg/kg/ b.w. (oral) | 0.1 ml/kg/b.w. (liquid paraffin) | – | MDA, AST, ALT, GSH, ALP, LDH, ɤ-glutamyltranspeptidase↓ | Flavonoids | [58] |
30 | Cichorium intybus | Wister rats | 6 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1.5 ml/kg(oral) | – | AST, ALP, ALT↓ | Esculetin | [45] |
31 | Cichorium intybus | Albino wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1.5 ml/kg(olive oil 50%), i.p. | Silymarin 10 mg/kg (oral) | SGOT, SGPT, ALKP↓, T.P, albumin↑ | Cichotyboside | [59] |
32 | Cichorium intybus | Albino wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1.5 ml/kg olive oil50%), i.p. | Silymarin 10 mg/kg (oral) | SGOT, SGPT, ALKP↓, T.P, albumin↑ | Cichotyboside | [59] |
33 | Cichorium intybus | Albino rats | 500mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1.0 ml/kg olive oil 50%), i.p. | – | AST, ALP, ALT, T.B↓, T.P, albumin↑ | Esculetin and cichotyboside | [60] |
34 | Cinnamomum verum | Wistar albino rats | 100 mg/ kg/ b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (olive oil), subcutaneous. | – | AST, ALT, MDA↓, SOD, CAT↑ | – | [61] |
35 | Cinnamomum verum | Wistar albino rats. | 100 mg/kg/ b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/ kg/ b.w. (olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin 50 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | ALT, AST, ALP, ɤ-glutamyl transferase, LDH, TBARS↓ |  | [62] |
36 | Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. | Wister rats | 0.1 g/kg(oral) | 0.5 ml/kg/b.w. (50% olive oil). | – | AST, ALT, MDA↓, SOD, CAT↑ | Flavonoids | [63] |
37 | Citrus aurantium (essential oil) | Sprangue-Dawley rats | 0.8 ml/kg/b.w. (i.p) | 0.8 ml/kg(olive oil 1:1), i.p. | Silibinin 50 mg/kg (i.p). | AST, ALT↓. | Limonene, alpa-pinene | [64] |
38 | Citrus limon(L.) Burm.F. | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg (olive oil,50:50). | Silymarin 100 mg/kg (oral). | ALT, AST, ALP, T, B, MDA↓, SOD, GSH, CAT, albumin↑ | Coumarins, limonoids, flavonoids, eriocitrin, C-glycosyl flavones 6,8-di-C-β-glucosyl-diosmin | [65] |
39 | Clerodendrum volubile. | Wistar albino rats | 500 mg/ kg/bw.(oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (olive oil), i.p. | – | ALT, AST, ALP, LDH ↓, HDL, GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx↑ | Phenols | [66] |
40 | Clitoria ternatea L. | Wistar albino rats | 300 mg/kg/bw (oral) | 2.5 ml/kg/b.w. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/bw, (oral) | AST, ALT, ALP, Acid phosphatase(ACP), LDH, T.B↓, T.P↑ | Flavonoid, terpenoids, tannin, steroid, quericimetrin, rutin, scutellarein | [56] |
41 | Corianderum sativum. L | Wistar albino rats | 300 mg/kg(i.p) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (liquid parafin, 1:1), oral. | Silymarin, 50 mg/kg (i.p) | SGOT, SGPT, ALP↓, T.B↑ | Caffeic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, flavonoids, essential oil | [67] |
42 | Corianderum sativum. L. (essential oil) | NMRI mice | 0.03 g/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (olive oil, 1:2), i.p. | - | AST, ALT, L.Px, XOD, Px↓, GSH, GSH-Px, Protein↑ | Carvon | [55] |
43 | Coriandrum sativum | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/kg/ b.w. (i.p) | 1 ml/kg b.w. (1:1 olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 25 ml/kg/b.w., (i.p) | ALP, AST, ALT↓, T.P↑, T.B, MDA↓, SOD, CAT, GPx↑ | Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, Isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin 3-glucuronide, Quercetin, hyperin, quercetin-3-0-β-xyloside, quercetin-3-0-α-arabinose | [68] |
44 | Cortex dictamni | Sprague-Dawley rats | 320 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w., i.p. | - | AST, ALT, ALP↓, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH↑, MDA↓ | Limonoids, furoquinoline, flavonoids, fraxinellone | [69] |
45 | Curcuma longa. L. | Sprague-Dawley rats | 300 mg/kg/b.w. (intragastrically) | 0.1 ml/kg/b.w., i.p. | Curcumin, 200 mg/kg/b.w., (intragastrically) | AST, ALT, TBARS↓, SOD, GPx↑. | Curcumin, memethoxy curcumin, bisdemethoxy curcumin | [70] |
46 | Cytisus scoparius L. | Wistar albino rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 5 ml/kg(50% olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 25 mg/kg/b.w., (oral) | SGOT, SGPT, LDH↓, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GRD, GST↑, TBARS↓ | Rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol | [71] |
47 | Dicoma anomala Sond | Wistar rats; Rattus norvegicus | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1, olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg.b.w., (oral) | AST, ALT↓, SOD, CAT, GPx↑ | Total flavonoid and phenol contents | [72] |
48 | Dioscorea alata peel | Wistar albino rats | 433.42 mg/kg/b.w. | 1 ml/kg (20% olive oil) | Silymarin, 200 mg/kg/b.w. | ALT, ALP, AST, TBARS↓, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px↑, NO, TNF-α, TNF-Kb, iNOS, COX-2 expression↓ | Hesperetin, quercetin, hesperidin | [73] |
49 | Eclipta alba(L) Hassk | Male albino rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 50 mg /kg/b.w., (i.p). | ALT, AST, ALP, T.B↓, T.P↑ | Flavonoids, luteolin, demethylivedelolactone.wedelolactone | [74] |
50 | Emblica officinalis (Gaertn) | – | 200 mg/kg/b.w. | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (corn oil), oral. | – | SGOT, SGPT, LDH, MDA↓, GSH, GST, GPx, GRx, T.P↑, DNA synthesis↓ | Quercetin, ascorbic acid, ellagic acid | [75] |
51 | Entada pursaetha | Colony bred male Wistar rats | 300 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 olive oil). | Silymarin, 50 mg /kg/b.w. (2% polysorbate 80), (oral). | ALT, AST, ALP, T.B↓, T.P↑, LDH, MDA, Nitrate-nitrite, myeloperoxidase↓, SOD, CAT, GSH↑ | Flavonoids | [76] |
52 | Ephedra foliate Boiss | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. | 0.125 ml/kg (liquid paraffin, 1:1), i.p. | Silymarin, 10 mg/kg, (oral). | SGOT, SGPT, ALP, T.B | Flavonoids, tannins | [38] |
53 | Euphorbia dracunculoides L. | Sprague-Dawley rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b, w (30% olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin 50 mg/kg/b.w. | AST, ALT, ALP↓, CAT, Peroxidase, SOD, GST, GSH↑, Lipid peroxides, TBARS, nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, DNA damage↓ | Catechin, rutin, caffeic acid, mricetin, coumarins, flavonoids | [5] |
54 | Fagonia schweinfurthii(Hadidi)Hadidi | Wistar albino rats | 400 mg/kg/ b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w., i.p. | Silymarin 100 mg/kg/b.w., (oral). | ALT, AST, ALP, T.B, MDA↓, SOD, CAT, GSH↑ | Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, quinines and, coumarin | [77] |
55 | Fiscus carica Linn | Wistar rats | 100 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/bw(v/v olive oil), i.p. | – | SGOT, SGPT, T.B. ↓ | Psoralen, bergapten, xantho toxin, calotropenyl acetate, lupeol acetate | [78] |
56 | Flemingia macrophylla | Male SD rats | 1.0 g/kg/b.w. (oral) | 15 ml/kg/b.w. (20% olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 25 mg/kg/b.w. in carboxy methyl cellulose. | ALT, AST, MDA↓, SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, GSH↑, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β↓. | Genistein, lupeol, rutin, flavonoids, isoflavones | [79] |
57 | Ginko biloba | Sprague-Dawley rats | 150 mg/ kg/ b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 liquid paraffin). | - | ALP, ALT, AST, MDA↓, T.P, HDL-c, GSH↑ | Kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, diterpene lactones | [80] |
58 | Glyphae brevis | Swiss albino mice | 490 mg/kg/ b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (liquid paraffin) i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg (oral) | GSH, CAT, SOD↑, TBARS, ALT, AST, ALP, T-chol, LDL, TG↓, T.P↑ | Flavonoids | [81] |
59 | Graptopetalum paraguayense E, Walter | Sprague-Dawley rats | 300 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 0.5 ml/kg/b.w. (1:4 olive oil) oral. | Silymarin, 200 mg/kg/b.w., (oral). | AST, ALT, MDA↓, GSH, SOD, GR, SOD, CAT↑, TNF-α↓ | Gallic acid, genistin, daidzin, quercetin | [82] |
60 | Hibiscus sabdariffa. L. | Wistar rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. | 0.125 ml/kg (liquid paraffin, 1:1), i.p. | Silymarin, 10 mg/kg (oral) | SGOT, SGPT, ALP, T.B | – | [38] |
61 | Hippophaerhamnoides L | C57BL/6 mice | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 5 ml/kg/b.w. (20% in peanut oil), i.p. | – | ALT, AST, T.B↓, PALB, SOD, GSH-Px, GSH↑, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, NO, TLR4, p38MAPK, p-ERK, p-JNK, NF-KB↓ | Isorhamnetein, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, myricetin, kaempferol, catechins | [83] |
62 | Indigofera oblongifolia | Wistar albino rats | 300 mg/kg/ b.w. (oral) | 1 ml /kg/ b.w. (30% olive oil), i.p. | – | ALT, AST, ALP, TBARS↓, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX↑ | Flavonoids, coumarins, indirubin | [84] |
63 | Launaea procumbens | Sprague-Dawley rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 3 ml/kg/b.w. (30% olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin 100 mg/kg/b.w., (oral) | AST, ALT, ALP, LDH↓, GST, GSR, GSH, CAT, POD, SOD, GSH-Px↑ | Salicylic acid, vanillic acid, synergic acid, 2-methyl-resorcinol, and gallic acid | [85] |
64 | Lawson inermis L (Henna) | Albino rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/bw (1:1 olive oil). | Silymarin, 25 mg/kg/b.w. (oral). | ALT, AST, ALP, T.B↓, T.P↑ | Flavonoids | [86] |
65 | Lawsonia inermis Linn | Wistar albino rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w. (i.p.) | 1.25 ml/kg(1:1 liquid paraffin), i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w. (i.p) | SGOT, SGPT, MDA↓, T.P, GSH. ↑ | Flavonoids | [87] |
66 | Leucas cephalotes Linn | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/kg/ b.w. (liquid paraffin) (i.p). | 1.25 mg/kg (1:1 liquid paraffin), i.p. | Silymarin, 200 mg/kg (i.p). | SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), T.B↓, T.P, TC. ↑. | Flavonoids | [88] |
67 | Lobularia maritima | Mice | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (i.p) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 olive oil), i.p. | – | ALT, AST, MDA, ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6↓, SOD, CAT, GPx↑ | p-coumaric acid | [7] |
68 | Luffa acutangula (Var) amara | Colony bred strain of Wistar rats | 600 mg/kg/ b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w., oral | Silymarin, 25 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | SGOT,S GPT, ALP, TC, TB ↓, TP, GPx, GST, GSH, SOD, CAT↑, LPO ↓ , Vit E, Vit C.↑ | Flavonoids | [89] |
69 | Lygodium flexuosum(L.) Sw | Wistar rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w. | 150 μl /100 g (1:1 corn oil) | Silymarin, 50 mg/kg | AST, ALT, LDH, MDA↓, GSH↑ | Β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, kaempferol, tectoquinone | [90] |
70 | Madhuca indica Syn | Wistar rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (olive oil), (i.p) | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w. | T.B, SGOT, SGPT, ALP↓ | Flavonoids | [91] |
71 | Madhuca indica Syn | Wistar rats | 300 mg/ kg/ b.w. | 0.5 ml/kg/b.w., i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/bw. | SGOT, SGPT, ALP, T.B↓ | Flavonoids | [92] |
72 | Mahonia oiwaken Hayata | Wistar albino rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (50% olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 200 mg /kg/b.w, (oral) | ALT, AST, MDA↓, SOD, GP-x, GR↑, TNF-α, NO↓ | Berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine | [3] |
73 | Mallotus philippensis Muell-Arg | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 600 mg/kg/ml, oral | Silymarin, 25 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | SGPT, SGOT, ALP, T.B↓, T.P, CAT, SOD↑, LPO↓ | Flavonoids, phenols, isocoumarins, bergenin | [93] |
74 | Memondica tuberosa Cogn | Wistar rats | 400 mg/kg/bw (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w(1:1 liquid paraffin), subcutaneous | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg, (oral) | SGOT, ALPT, T.B, Cholesterol, TAG, MDA↓, GSH↑ | Vitamin C, saponins, triterpenoids | [94] |
75 | Mentha piperita L. | Wistar rats | 40 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 1 ml/kg (olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 50 mg /kg/b.w, (oral) | ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, ɤ-GT↓, SOD, CAT, GPx↑, TBARS↓ | Spathulenol, cadinene, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide | [95] |
76 | Menthe arvensis Linn | Albino wistar rats | 375 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 0.5 ml/kg/b.w., i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | SGPT, SGOT, SALP, T.B↓ | Luteolin, menthoside, rutin, hesperidin, phenolic acid, quercetin, isorhoifolin | [96] |
77 | Mimosa pudica 2009 | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 1.25 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 liquid paraffin), i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w. | SPGT, SGOT, ALP, TBL, T chol↓, T.P, albumin↑ | Flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides | [97] |
78 | Mimosa pudica Linn | Wistar albino rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w ( 1 : 2 liquid paraffin), subcutaneous. | Silymarin, 10 mg/kg/b.w, (oral) | SGOT, ALP, T.B, SGPT↓ | Flavonoids, phenols, gallic acid | [98] |
79 | Momordica dioica Roxb | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w(1:1 liquid araffin). | Silymarin, 5 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | AST, ALT, ALP, T.B, MDA↓, SOD, CAT, GSH↑, Hydroperoxides↓ | Flavonoids, phenolic compounds | [99] |
80 | Nerium oleander Linn | Wistar rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w(1;1 olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w (oral). | AST, ALT, ALP, T.B, MDA↓, SOD↑ | Oleandrin, Oleanolic acid | [100] |
81 | Nicotiana plumbiginifolia .L. | Male chicks | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w (30% olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin , 100 mg/kg/b.w, (gavage). | CAT, Peroxidase, SOD, GP-X, GRS↑, TBARS, LDH, TAG, T.Chol, LDL↓, HDL↑ | Rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin | [101] |
82 | Nymphaea alba. L. | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 0.5 ml/kg/b.w, i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w(oral). | MDA↓, GSH, CAT, SOD, TAC↑, TNF-α, Caspase-3↓ | Phenols, flavonoids, quercetin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol | [6] |
83 | Olea europaea .L. | Sprague-Dawley rats | 80 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 0.2 ml/kg/b.w, i.p. | – | ALP, AST, ALP↓, CAT, SOD↑ | Caffeic acid, diosmetin, verbascoside, oleuropein, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, rutin, leuteolin 4′-O-glycoside, P-coumaric acid, vanillin | [102] |
84 | Origanum vulgare. | Wistar albino rats | 150 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w (1:1 olive oil) | – | ALT, ALP, AST↓, LPO, GST, CAT, SOD, GP x, GR, GSH↑ | Carvacrol, thymol | [103] |
85 | Persea Americana mill | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/kg/day | 3 ml/kg(1:1 olive oil) subcutaneous | reducdyn®, 100 mg/kg/day | ALT, AST, ALP, T.B↓, CAT, SOD, GPx, GST↑, Protein carbonyl↓ | Flavonoids | [104] |
86 | Phyllanthus niruri | Wistar rats | 100 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w(50% in corn oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 1mg/ml, (i.p). | AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, T-chol, T.B↓, T.P↑, TNF-α, NF-Kβ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10↓, GR, GP↑, MDA↓, GSH↑, ROS↓. | Quercetin, gallic acid, corilagin, isocorilagin, rhamnoside, brevifolin carboxylic acid | [105] |
87 | Physalis peruviana | Wistar albino rats | 500 mg/ kg/ b.w (oral) | 0.5 ml/kg/bw (olive oil), i.p. | legation®100 mg/kg/ b.w, (oral). | MDA↓, SOD↑, NO, AST↓, ALT↑, ALP↓, T.B, T.P↓ | Flavonoids, lupeol, ursoli acid | [106] |
88 | Pleiogynium timorense (DC) Leenh | Sprague-Dawley rats | 300 mg/kg/b.w. | 0.5 ml/kg(10% olive oil). | Silymarin 50 mg/kg/b.w. | AST, ALT↓, TAC↑ | Catechin, gallic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, quercetrin, β-sitosterol, lupeol | [107] |
89 | Pleurotus ostreatus | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/ kg/ b.w. (i.p) | 2 ml/kg/b.w (olive oil), i.p. | – | SGOT, SGPT, ALP, MDA↓, GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx↑ | – | [108] |
90 | Polygonum cuspidatum sieb et Zucc | Male ICR mice | 100 mg/kg/day (oral) | 50 μl/kg (olive oil) i.p. | Bifendate, 150 mg/kg/b.w, (oral) | AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS, NF-kβ↓, SOD, GST, GSH, CAT, GPx, TGF-β1↑ | Polydatin, resveratrol, quercetin, emodin, citreorosein | [4] |
91 | Premna esculenta Roxb | Long-Evans rats (Rattus norvegicus) | 400 mg/kg/day (oral) | 1 ml/kg/bw. (1:1 olive oil), i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/day, (oral) | SGPT, SGOT, SALP↓, T.P, ALB↑ | Phenols, tannins, flavonoids | [109] |
92 | Raphanus sativus | Albino rats | 300 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w (1:1 olive oil) | Silymarin, 50 mg/kg/b.w, (oral) | AST, ALT, ALP, T.B↓, CAT, GSH↑, MDA↓ | Flavonoids, polyphenols | [110] |
93 | Rourea induta planch | Wistar albino rats | 500 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w, i.p. | Legalon, 50 mg/ kg/b.w, (oral) | AST, ALT, T.B↓, CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH↑, TBARS↓ | Hyperin, quercetin-3-O-β-xyloside, quercetin-3-D-α-arabinofuranoside, quercetin | [111] |
94 | Rubia cordifolia Linn | Sprague-Dawley rats | 200 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 0.1 ml/kg/b.w, i.p. | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w, (oral). | SGPT, SGOT, SAKP, ɤ-GT↓, GST, GR, GSH↑, MDA↓ | Rubiadin | [112] |
95 | Rumex vasicarius L | Wistar albino rats | 200 mg/kg/ b.w (oral) | 1.5 ml/kg /b.w (1% tween 80) i.p. | Silymarin 50 mg/kg/b.w. | SGOT, SGPT, ALP↓, T.P↑, T.B↓, CAT, SOD↑, MDA↓ | Phenols, flavonoids | [113] |
96 | Semen celosia Cristatae.L | Kunming mice | 4.0 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 0.1% (edible oil), i.p. | Bifendate | AST, ALT, ALP, MDA↓, GSH-Px, CAT, SOD↑ | Semenoside | [114] |
97 | Solanium trilobatum Linn | Wistar Albino rats | 250 mg/ kg/ b.w (i.P) | 1 ml/kg/bw(30% olive oil), i.p. | – | ALT, AST, ALP, LDH,↓T.P, GSH, GPx, CAT, SOD↑, Lipid peroxide↓ | Sobatum, solasodine, β-solamarine, solaine | [115] |
98 | Solanium xantholarpum | Sprague-Dawley rats | 400 mg/kg/bw (oral) | 1 ml/kg (1:1 liquid paraffin) | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w, (oral) | AST, ALT, ALP, T.B, MDA↓, CAT, GSH, SOD↑ | Flavonoids, quercetin | [116] |
99 | Spondias mombim | Wistar rats | 1000 mg/kg/b.w (oral) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1 liquid paraffin) | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w, (oral) | ALT, AST, ALP, T.B↓, GSH, CAT, SOD↑, TBARS↓ | Flavonoids, phenols | [117] |
100 | Stachys pilifera Benth | Wistar rats | 400 mg/kg/day (oral) | 1 ml/kg/b.w. (50% olive oil) | – | AST, ALT, ALP, MDA↓, T.P, T.B↑. | Flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, diterpenes, terpenoids | [118] |
101 | Vitis thunbergii var | Male SD rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w. | 1.5 ml/kg/b.w. (20% olive oil) i.p. | Silymarin, 200 mg /kg/b.w. in carboxy methylcellulose | ALT, AST, MDA↓, SOD, CAT, GPX, GSH↑, TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, INOS, COX-2↓ | Resveratrol derivatives, polyphenols compounds, quercetin, oligostibenes | [119] |
102 | Xylaria nigripes(Koltz) Sacc | ICR mice | 100 mg/kg/b.w. (intragastrically) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (40% olive oil). Subcutaneously | Silymarin, 100 mg/kg/b.w., (intragastrically) | SGOT, SGPT, TBARS↓, SOD, CAT, GPX, ↑ | Epicatechin, P-coumaric acid, catechin | [120] |
103 | Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) rhizome (ginger) | Wistar rats | 400 mg/kg/b.w. (oral) | 0.7 ml/kg/b.w. (1:1, olive oil) | Livolin fort®, 5.2 mg/kg/b.w., (oral) | AST, ALT, ALP↓, T.P, GSH, CAT↑. | Flavonoids, 6-gingerol, shogaols | [121] |
104 | Zizyphus jujube | Male ICR mice | 200 mg/kg/b.w. (intragastrically) | 2 ml/kg/b.w. (40% v/v olive. oil), subcutaneously | Bifendate, 7.5 mg/kg/b.w., (intragastrically) | ALT, AST, MDA↓, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH↑ | Flavonoids | [122] |