Table 1 Comparison between the three studied groups according to the demographic data, laboratory investigations, and serum concentrations of miR-331-3p and miR-23b-3p

 Mean ± SD

47.4 ± 9.7

50.6 ± 5.2

47.5 ± 9.3

F = 2.489

0.086

 Median (min.–max.)

49(25–61)

51(41–59)

48(32–63)

 Male

79 (79%)

40 (80%)

35 (70%)

χ² = 1.863

0.394

 Female

21 (21%)

10 (20%)

15 (30%)

 Mean ± SD

59.7 ± 35.1

60.4 ± 26.3

19.0 ± 7.7

H = 72.496^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

56.5^a (8.4–165)

48^a (33–127)

18.4^b (5.8–38.1)

 Mean ± SD

53.2 ± 30.1

55.3 ± 24.8

18.7 ± 6.3

H = 84.833^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

45.5^a (6.9–155)

44.5^a (30–119)

17.6^b (6.4–30.2)

 Mean ± SD

1.2 ± 0.6

1.1 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.3

H = 25.660^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

1.1^a (0.2–2.8)

1^a (0.4–2)

0.8^b (0.1–1.2)

 Mean ± SD

3.9^b ± 3.1

3.6^c ± 2.6

4.3^a ± 4.8

F = 46.804^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

4.0 (3.3–4.5)

3.6 (3.2–4.0)

4.2 (3.4–5.2)

 Mean ± SD

13.6^a ± 1.8

12.2^b ± 1.3

14.1^a ± 1.1

F = 22.005^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

13.9 (8.5–16.4)

12.0 (10.0–15.0)

14.4 (12.1–15.9)

 Mean ± SD

5.2^b ± 1

4.2^c ± 1.1

6.7^a ± 1.8

F = 51.129^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

5.1 (3.5–7.1)

4 (2.4–6.3)

6.5 (4.3–10.2)

 Mean ± SD

160.9^a ± 46.8

130.2^c ± 21.5

223.1^b ± 44.1

F = 67.135^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

158 (63–254)

134.5 (91–162)

238.5 (126–358)

 Mean ± SD

140.3 ± 45.2

183.1 ± 77

1.0 ± 0.4

H = 117.964^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

138^b (1.8–240)

196^a (58–287)

1^c (0.2–1.9)

 Mean ± SD

2.2 ± 1.3

7.6 ± 10

1.1 ± 0.5

H = 69.738^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

1.98^b (0.1–7.8)

3.8^a (0.1–41)

1^c (0.1–3.2)

 Mean ± SD

0.9 ± 0.8

0.3 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 1.1

H = 54.230^*

< 0.001^*

 Median (min.–max.)

0.8^b (− 0.98 to 3.2)

0.2^c (0–1.7)

1.3^a (− 1 to 3.8)