Table 1 Main evaluated participants’ criteria
Participants’ criteria | Total n=400 | Rebleeding n=96 | No rebleeding n=304 | Sig. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic criteria | Â | ||||||||
• Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 56 | (8.1) | 56.8 | 8.2 | 56 | 7.9 | 0.367 | |
• Sex | • Male | Count (%) | 268 | 67% | 59 | 61.5% | 209 | 68.8% | 0.185 |
• Female | Count (%) | 132 | 33% | 37 | 38.5% | 95 | 31.2% | ||
Patients clinical presentation | Â | ||||||||
• Hematemesis | Count (%) | 178 | 44.5% | 55 | 57.3% | 123 | 40.5% | 0.007 | |
• Melena | Count (%) | 102 | 25.5% | 15 | 15.6% | 87 | 28.6% | ||
• Combined hematemesis and melena | Count (%) | 120 | 30% | 26 | 27.1% | 94 | 30.9% | ||
Liver functions | Â | ||||||||
• ALT (IU/L) | Mean (SD) | 39 | (11.7) | 41.1 | 10.6 | 38.6 | 11.9 | 0.052 | |
• AST (IU/L) | Mean (SD) | 44 | (13.8) | 44.8 | 13 | 44.3 | 14.2 | 0.739 | |
• Serum albumin (gm/dl) | Mean (SD) | 3.32 | (0.26) | 3.12 | 0.23 | 3.33 | 0.25 | < 0.0001 | |
• Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) | Median (IQR) | 1.5 | (0.6) | 1.6 | 0.4 | 1.45 | 0.6 | < 0.0001 | |
• Prothrombin concentration (%) | Median (IQR) | 71 | (9) | 68 | 6 | 71 | 9 | < 0.0001 | |
• Child-Pugh score | Median (QR) | 7 | (2) | 8 | 1 | 7 | 2 | < 0.0001 | |
• Child-Pugh grade | • Child A | Count (%) | 136 | 34% | 10 |  | 126 |  | < 0.0001 |
• Child B | Count (%) | 247 | 61.75% | 87 |  | 169 |  | ||
• Child C | Count (%) | 17 | 4.25% | 8 |  | 9 |  | ||
Radiological parameters | Â | ||||||||
• Spleen diameter (cm) | Median (IQR) | 16.3 | (2.6) | 17 | 2 | 16 | 2.2 | < 0.0001 | |
• Ascites | • No ascites | Count (%) | 148 | 37% | 11 | 11.5% | 137 | 45.1% | < 0.0001 |
• Easy to treat | Count (%) | 228 | 57% | 70 | 72.9% | 158 | 52% | ||
• Difficult to treat | Count (%) | 24 | 6% | 15 | 15.6% | 9 | 3% | ||
• PVD (mm) | Median (IQR) | 13.5 | (4.8) | 15.7 | 4.1 | 12.3 | 4.1 | < 0.0001 | |
• PVV (cm/s) | Median (IQR) | 14 | (7) | 11 | 6 | 16 | 6 | < 0.0001 | |
Other laboratory parameters | Â | ||||||||
• Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | Median (IQR) | 1.2 | (0.2) | 1.2 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.292 | |
• Platelets (× 103/mm3) | Median (IQR) | 145 | (54) | 95 | 36 | 154 | 37 | < 0.0001 | |
• Hemoglobin (g/dl) | Median (IQR) | 9.8 | (0.9) | 9.6 | 1 | 9.8 | 0.9 | 0.501 | |
Endoscopic parameters | Â | ||||||||
• Variceal form (F) | • F1 | Count (%) | 131 | 32.75% | 9 | 9.4% | 122 | 40.1% | < 0.0001 |
• F2 | Count (%) | 150 | 37.5% | 34 | 35.4% | 116 | 38.2% | ||
• F3 | Count (%) | 119 | 29.75% | 53 | 55.2% | 66 | 21.7% | ||
• Variceal location (L) | • L1 | Count (%) | 246 | 61.5% | 47 | 49% | 199 | 65.5% | 0.013 |
• L2 | Count (%) | 141 | 35.25% | 44 | 45.8% | 97 | 31.9% | ||
• L3 | Count (%) | 13 | 3.25% | 5 | 5.2% | 8 | 2.6% | ||
• Red color signs | • Absent | Count (%) | 196 | 49% | 25 | 26% | 171 | 56.3% | < 0.0001 |
• Not extensive | Count (%) | 160 | 40% | 36 | 37.5% | 124 | 40.8% | ||
• Extensive | Count (%) | 44 | 11% | 35 | 36.5% | 9 | 3% | ||
• Gastric extension | Count (%) | 116 | 29% | 34 | 29.3% | 82 | 70.7% | 0.112 | |
• Modality of bleeding control | • EBL | Count (%) | 185 | 46.25% | 42 | 43.8% | 143 | 47% | 0.573 |
• EIT | Count (%) | 215 | 53.75% | 54 | 56.2% | 161 | 53% | ||